The Indonesian archipelago has a rich history of territorial disputes and conflicts among its indigenous peoples, leading to the creation of effective combat and self-defense techniques. Indonesia has long been a hub for Southeast Asian martial arts, with roots tracing back to ancient kingdoms like Srivijaya and Majapahit, which unified many regional states under the name Nusantara. Indonesian martial arts consist of various indigenous and developed fighting styles, including both traditional and modern hybrid forms. These practices often combine physical training with spiritual components aimed at fostering inner strength and peace.
PREFACE
Today, Indonesian martial arts are primarily associated with Pencak Silat, although some styles do not fall under this category.
Kala Makara is a mythical creature in Javanese and Hindu mythology that acts as a guardian against disasters and expels evil spirits. Kala means time, while Makara is a sea creature often depicted with an elephant’s head and a fish-like body. Some see it as a giant (Bhuta) and an aspect of Shiva, serving as a protector of time. In temples, Kala Makara is often displayed on gates or niches to defend against negative influences. Additionally, it symbolizes nature’s power, transformation, and courage in confronting evil.